Erradicación manual de cultivos de uso ilícito

Por
Semanario Voz
-
213

El último Censo Nacional Agrope­cuario refleja que la pobreza en las zonas rurales es tres veces mayor que en los centros poblados y urbes del país, en este mismo sentido el informe del Gobierno nacional y Unodc, muestra que las zonas con cultivos de uso ilícito con influencia de ellos, tienen hasta 25 puntos adicionales del indicador de pobreza y necesidades básicas insatisfechas en contrataste con lo calculado a la población rural dispersa.

De acuerdo con el Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional-IPM ajustado en el área rural dispersa, la población en condición de pobreza se estima en un 45,7% en 2014. Siguiendo las tendencias anteriormente referenciadas se puede plantear la hipótesis que en las zonas con cultivos de coca o ilícitos podrían presentar niveles de pobreza hasta del 70% en referencia a la población encontrada en los territorios con esta problemática.

El programa de erradicación manual es una consecuencia de las investigaciones científicas y de la presión de las organizaciones sociales; además, el pronunciamiento de la Corte Constitucional (Sentencia T- 300/17) basado en los efectos lesivos sobre la salud. y la seguridad alimentaria, que aplicó el principio de precaución. Por otra parte, investigaciones de varias universidades, han demostrado alteraciones y deformaciones genéticas en seres vivos, por el uso del glifosato. La organización mundial de la salud (OMS), ha señalado en su informe del 2014, que manipulación del glifosato tiene altísimos riesgos de causar cáncer en los seres humanos. Posteriormente con el Acuerdo de La Habana (solución al problema de drogas ilícitas) se adoptó la erradicación manual, en zonas de cultivos de uso ilícito, y de economía campesina; de acuerdo al informe del Observatorio de pequeños cultivadores de uso ilícito (Indepaz), sobre el monitoreo de territorios afectados por cultivos de uso ilícito, el cual censó cerca de 380 municipios que han sido intervenidos con la erradicación alternativa, y cerca de 180.000 familias que han sido beneficiadas por la participación voluntaria  este programa.

La situación reflejada, a partir de la permanencia y ubicación de los cultivos de coca, sugiere el diseño de estrategias integrales para que las comunidades campesinas, puedan desarrollar sus economías bajo un entorno institucional que permita reducir los riesgos que implican una economía ilícita. Es decir, al lado de los programas de sustitución de cultivos de uso ilícito, es necesario fortalecer la seguridad territorial, la provisión de servicios de justicia y seguridad de la población, acceso a vías terciarias y la provisión de bienes y servicios que permitan el progreso económico y el bienestar de la población.

La fumigación aérea con Drones, es producto de la imposición de la política criminal en materia de drogas de los EE.UU., aceptada dócilmente por la Fiscalía General de la Nación y el gobierno de Duque. La cual conlleva una política represiva, con la criminalización de todas las fases de la cadena del narcotráfico, sin ningún tipo de descriminalización (cultivo, producción, distribución y comercialización) y la imposición de penas desproporcionadas para los campesinos y sus núcleos familiares que se ubican en la primera fase de la producción y no dentro del afán de lucro del narcotráfico.

Las situaciones de vulnerabilidad enunciadas anteriormente, se han exacerbado debido a las políticas basadas en el uso de la fuerza y el uso del derecho penal para combatir el problema de las drogas ilícitas. Esto ha ocasionado impactos sociales y ambientales que agravan las condiciones de marginalidad de las poblaciones afectadas por cultivos de uso ilícito. La fumigación aérea de hectáreas de plantaciones de uso ilícito; no ha sido la mejor opción para solucionar los problemas de fondo de los territorios afectados, prueba de ello es que los cultivos de uso ilícito persisten en diferentes regiones del país.

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