Construyendo paz en comunidad

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Jornada de implementación de protocolos de protección y autoprotección en la Unión, San Pablo, Sur de Bolívar. Foto Luis Torres - Agencia Prensa Rural.

Integrantes de la zona de reserva campesina del Valle del Río Cimitarra construyen su protocolo de protección individual y colectiva

Equipo de Memoria Histórica ACVC
@ACVCRAN 

En el marco del proyecto “Memoria Campesina y Protección de Derechos para la Paz en el Valle del río Cimitarra”, más de 500 campesinos defensores de derechos humanos en cinco municipios del Magdalena Medio y el Nordeste Antioqueño, pertenecientes a la Asociación Campesina del Valle del Río Cimitarra – Red Agroecológica Nacional (ACVC-RAN), se construyó el protocolo para la protección individual y colectiva de los habitantes de la zona de reserva campesina del valle del río Cimitarra (ZRC-VRC) y el área de influencia de la ACVC-RAN.

La realización de este protocolo permitió identificar, por medio del desarrollo de talleres, grupos focales y construcción de cartografías, que el ejercicio de defensa de los derechos humanos en el contexto rural de la ZRC-VRC se hace particularmente complejo, encontrando que los campesinos de la región han sido desplazados (40%), estigmatizados y amenazados (23%), torturados y maltratados (15%), detenidos de manera arbitraria (12%) y asesinados o desaparecidos (10%) por parte de los diferentes actores en el conflicto como las insurgencias pero especialmente por grupos paramilitares sucesores y el Ejército, así como por funcionarios estatales.

En este sentido, el documento establece una serie de mecanismos constituidos de manera articulada, que permita implementar prácticas de autoprotección y protección frente a posibles sucesos que revictimicen a la población y a las organizaciones de base en su conjunto, es decir, que por medio de éstos se procuren ciertas garantías de no repetición.

Ejes de la autoprotección

El protocolo se centra en siete ejes fundamentales:

1) Correspondencia territorial, que rige para la región conformada por las veredas que integran los cuatro municipios que comprenden la ZRC-VRC y el área de influencia de la ACVC: Yondó y Remedios, departamento de Antioquia; San Pablo y Cantagallo, departamento de Bolívar.

2) Sujetos de protección, representados en las comunidades en el territorio delimitado, teniendo en cuenta como sujetos de especial protección a los niños, niñas y adolescentes, mujeres, adultos mayores y líderes comunitarios; al igual que el colectivo campesino desde la óptica organizacional.

3) Situaciones de riesgo y amenaza en la ZRC-VRC y el área de influencia de la ACVC: desde el ejercicio realizado con las comunidades se identificaron hechos de violencia que representan riesgos y amenazas frente a su continuidad de ocurrencia, dadas las condiciones de violencia que perviven en la región.

4) Zonas seguras y zonas de riesgo: el procesamiento de la información obtenida en campo permitió identificar de igual forma puntos territoriales que representan zonas seguras, las cuales representan puntos geográficos identificados como lugares donde se presentan ventajas para la protección de las comunidades, ya sea por las condiciones geográficas y ambientales o por la disminución de incidencia de grupos armados.

5) Medidas preventivas: estas medidas se fundamentan en mecanismos de autoprotección en los niveles individual y colectivo, los cuales responden a las actuaciones propias de los habitantes del sector rural, que deben tenerse en cuenta como medidas que prevengan situaciones que los pongan en amenaza o riesgo.

6) Mecanismos de reacción: se establecen mecanismos que desde la acción individual o colectiva se pueden implementar para enfrentar vulneraciones de derechos.

Y 7) Responsabilidades de la Asociación, donde se establece que la ACVC será la responsable de gestionar la articulación de los mecanismos internos con las entidades pertinentes según sea el caso.

Desde la acción comunitaria

La construcción de dichos protocolos se orienta al trabajo de las juntas de acción comunal, con el fin de proveer elementos y herramientas en temas de protección, seguridad y desarrollo de la armonía al interior de las comunidades, entendiendo a estas como un eje importante en la construcción de paz.

La implementación de estos protocolos se desarrolla en jornadas con las comunidades en donde se tocan temas como la resolución de conflictos, la justicia comunitaria, el fortalecimiento de los comités de conciliación y convivencia que resultan importantes para guiar a las comunidades en la búsqueda de formas alternativas para la solución de sus diferencias, conflictos y problemas internos; que buscan armonizar las rupturas en el tejido social al interior de las comunidades.

La columna vertebral de estos protocolos reside en la acción comunitaria, y la búsqueda del fortalecimiento en temas de seguridad ante la incertidumbre o expectativa que genera el cambio de gobierno; esto permitirá a las comunidades fortalecerse en materia de protección de los derechos humanos y las exigencias que puedan venir hacia este nuevo periodo y, a su vez, ser un importante agregado en términos de la construcción de paz en el territorio.

La vía es el diálogo

Los protocolos a fecha de hoy se han trabajado en el casco urbano de San Pablo, Sur de Bolívar, con los comités de mujeres; en las veredas de La Unión, Villanueva y sus poblaciones cercanas. En posteriores actividades se tiene pensado hacer un recorrido por Cantagallo en Sur de Bolívar y en Remedios en el nordeste antioqueño. Es importante tener en cuenta las particularidades que presenta cada territorio frente al tema de seguridad y trabajar de la mano de las comunidades en la construcción e implementación de dichos protocolos.

La experiencia para los habitantes y miembros de las juntas que han participado en la implementación de estas medidas es positiva; la población ve con interés cómo la resolución de conflictos en sus comunidades y la organización de una justicia comunitaria a la par de la defensa de los derechos humanos toman vital importancia en la construcción de territorio y en la formalización de nuevas instancias que permitan establecer diálogos comunitarios enfocados a renovar las tradicionales formas de justicia heredadas del conflicto y el abandono estatal.

Cabe resaltar la pertinencia de este tipo de protocolos en un país donde en los últimos años se ha acrecentado la persecución y asesinatos de líderes sociales en medio de la total impunidad, la voz del campesinado de la ZRC-VRC se ha sumado a las exigencias para la protección de la vida y una pronta y efectiva implementación del Acuerdo Final de Paz pactado entre el Gobierno de Juan Manuel Santos y la guerrilla de las FARC.

Foto Luis Torres – Agencia Prensa Rural.

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